![]() He tried to explain the crime by investigating the causes of the offender's behaviour. Liszt wanted to overcome the prevailing theories of punishment by Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. The concept of punishment and criminal law based on the methods and ideas of positivism was directed against metaphysical justifications of retribution. A study of his influence and impact on criminal law should start with the "Marburg Programme", named after his inaugural speech in 1882, his theory of criminal law which was not based on retribution but opened the way for new objectives of criminal law, in particular preventive goals, as described in Der Zweckgedanke im Strafrecht (The Idea of Purpose in Criminal Law), 1882. It presented a systematic approach to legal doctrine based on liberal ideas and the Rechtsstaat. His criminal law textbook, which was first published in 1881 with the title Das deutsche Reichsstrafrecht (German Imperial Criminal Law), renamed Lehrbuch des deutschen Strafrechts (Textbook of German Criminal Law) from the second edition, finally reached 26 editions by 1932. Parts of Liszt's extensive library are housed in the Liszt Institute Library of Humboldt University of Berlin. This branch of the Liszt family has since become extinct. Liszt died on 21 June 1919, after a long illness, and was survived by his wife, Rudolfine, and two daughters, both of whom remained unmarried. As a liberal outsider with courage, he was sitting on the cross benches, so that in neither the established society of Prussia nor in the empire was there much support for his positions. However, he remained politically rather a backbencher, and always remained a thorn in the side of the governmental bureaucracy. In 1912, he was elected to the German Reichstag. ![]() He was active in Berlin beginning in about 1900 in the Progressive People's Party and was a member of the City Council of Charlottenburg until 1908, when he was elected to the Prussian House of Representatives. In addition to the scientific aspect of the law, practical public policy also appealed to him. He also founded the so-called "Marburg School" of criminal law, asserting that crime must be essentially looked upon as a social phenomenon. In 1882, while in Marburg, he held his first seminar on criminology and continued to work on building the scientific journal covering the entire field of criminal justice. In his 20 years there, he devoted himself almost exclusively to criminal law. In 1874, Liszt, having earned a law degree and a Ph.D., quickly sought a university teaching career, which took him in 1876 to Graz, Marburg (from 1882), Halle (from 1889) and finally in 1898, at the peak of his career, to the largest law faculty of the Empire in Berlin, where he taught criminal law, international law and jurisprudence. Liszt studied law in 1869 in Vienna, having among his teachers Rudolf von Ihering, who influenced him fundamentally in his views of the law and whose views he later transferred into criminal law. The composer actually never used the title in public. After the marriage fell through, the composer transferred the title to his uncle Eduard, the father of the subject of this article, in 1867 when he received the Minor Orders of the Catholic Church. The composer needed the title to marry the Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein without her losing her privileges, so he solicited the nobilitation which was conceded by the emperor in recognition of his services to Austria. The Austrian title of nobility Ritter was awarded to the composer Franz Liszt in 1859 by the Emperor Francis Joseph I. ![]() The composer and virtuoso pianist Franz Liszt was Franz von Liszt's cousin and also acted as his godfather. Eduard von Liszt's second wife was Henriette Wolf (1825–1920), whom he married on 24 January 1859 in Vienna. Karolina, who was Eduard von Liszt's first wife, was born in Çilli, Turkey, and died of cholera in Vienna in 1854. Franz von Liszt's mother was Karolina Pickhart (aka Caroline Pickhardt) (1827–1854). From 1898 until 1917, he was Professor of Criminal Law and International Law at the University of Berlin and was also a member of the Progressive People's Party in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies and the Reichstag.įranz von Liszt's father was Eduard Ritter von Liszt (1817–1879), a lawyer who had completed a brilliant civil service career as the head of the newly created Austrian General Prosecutor's Office. As a legal scholar, he was a proponent of the modern sociological and historical school of law. Franz Eduard Ritter von Liszt (2 March 1851 – 21 June 1919) was a German jurist, criminologist and international law reformer. ![]()
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